Friday, March 30, 2007

Daf Yomi - Moed Katan 20 - Highlights

The Gemora cites a braisa: Rabbi Eliezer states: If one overturned his bed (as a sign of mourning) for three days prior to the festival, he is not required to overturn his bed after the festival. The Chachamim maintain: Even if he overturned his bed just for one moment prior to the festival, he is not required to overturn his bed after the festival.

The Gemora states that this is indeed a dispute between Beis Shamai and Beis Hillel. Rav Chavivah asked Ravina: Who is the halacha according to? He answered him: Even if he overturned his bed just for one moment prior to the festival, he is not required to overturn his bed after the festival. (20a)

The Gemora cites a Scriptural source establishing that the primary period of mourning is for seven days. (20a)
The Gemora cites a braisa: Rabbi Akiva states: If one hears a current report (within thirty days of the death) that one of his close relatives had passed away, he should observe the days of shiva and the sheloshim from that day on. If it was a belated report, he should observe one day of mourning. The Chachamim rule that he should always observe the days of shiva and sheloshim.
The Gemora cites a braisa: There is a distinction between a father or mother and the other relatives. If one’s father or mother passes away, he should always observe the days of shiva and sheloshim even if it was a belated report and even according to Rabbi Akiva. (20a)
The Gemora records that when the son of Rabbi Achiya died in Bavel and Rav Achiya heard the tragic news in Eretz Yisroel more than thirty days later, he observed shiva and sheloshim.

The Gemora asks from the following incident: Rav was the son of Rav Chiya’s brother, whose name was Aivu, and Rav was also the son of Rav Chiya’s sister whose name was Ima. Rav was the son of Rav Chiya’s half brother and also the son of Rav Chiya’s half sister. When Rav went to Eretz Yisroel, Rav Chiya queried Rav if Aivu was live, to which Rav responded, “Is Ima alive?” Rav responded thus because he did not want to declare explicitly that Aivu had died. When Rav Chiya queried Rav if Ima was alive, Rav responded, “Is Aivu alive?” Rav Chiya thus understood from Rav’s responses that his brother Aivu and his sister Ima had passed away, so Rav Chiya instructed his attendant to remove his shoes and take his clothing after him to the bathhouse.

We learn from Rav Chiya’s actions three laws regarding mourning. Rav Chiya instructed his attendant to remove his shoes, and we learn from this that one who is in mourning is forbidden to wear shoes. We also learn that if one is in mourning based on a delayed report, he is only obligated to mourn for one day. A third ruling that is derived from Rav Chiya’s actions is that regarding mourning, part of a day is akin to a whole day. This ruling is derived from the fact that after removing his shoes as a sign of mourning, Rav Chiya instructed his attendant to take his clothing to the bathhouse, and Rav Chiya did not wait until the next day to go to the bathhouse.

The Gemora answers that Rabbi Achiya holds that one should observe shiva and the sheloshim when hearing a belated report but Rabbi Chiya maintains that only one day of mourning shall be observed. (20a – 20b)

The Gemora cites a dispute among the Amoraim whether one who hears a belated report about a death in the family if he should rend his garments or not. (20b)

The Gemora cites a braisa: All the relatives that are mentioned in the Torah that the kohen must contaminate himself for (even though a kohen has a prohibition against contracting tumah from a corpse), a mourner mourns for them, as well. These are those relatives: His wife, his father, his mother, his brother and sister, his son and daughter. The Chachamim added his maternal brother, maternal virgin sister and his married sister (even though a kohen would not contaminate himself for these relatives).

Rabbi Akiva adds secondary relatives, as well. Rabbi Shimon ben Elozar says: He mourns only for his son’s son and his father’s father. The Chachamim say: If he would mourn by the death of a particular relative, he mourns by that relative’s relative.

The Gemora asks: It emerges that Rabbi Akiva and the Chachamim have the identical opinion?

The Gemora answers: The Chachamim maintain that he only mourns for a relative’s relative if the relative is with him in his house. (20b)

4 comments:

Anonymous said...

Haggos Yosef Daf- כא-Moed Katan
Daf Blurbs

2 ways to learn the גמרא
רש"י- and מירי : אמימרTore once at death, and once again in solidarity when father arrived.
תוספוס and ריטבא :Tore at death But was sitting son did not want to correct him got up and tore father understood his error and did the same
-Shulchan Aruch says חליצה is done standing
-The מלבים Asks how was Iyov allowed to rip out his hair because of a death it is against Halacha one answer is he did it for the loss of money. The נזר הקודש answers it was less then the shiur, also he may have been a Gentile.
-Flipping the bed- If he did it why does it say he was on the floor? When a king sleeps on the turned over bed it is as if he slept on the floor.
-Bathing-During mourning you are not allowed to wash entire body in cold water, and you are not allowed to wash hands face and feet separately in warm water
- תוספוסasks why did the Mishna skip certain Halachos of mourning? Flipping beds, The Burqua or Hijab (Arab Head coverings), Mishna is only talking about what you can't do, these are things you should do. What about not wearing תפילין? it is only in the beginning so it is not mentioned. What about greeting People? Has different stages so it is not mentioned. Washing clothing is counted in רחיצה so therefore it is not mentioned.
-Why do we not flip beds?
- People will think we are practicing witchcraft.
-We have different type of beds than they did so we don’t do it.
-What was the reason for the flipping of beds?
-Mourner should be mourning the entire time we don’t want him to forget while sleeping so flip the bed
- ירושלמי says to remind you not to have relations
- חתם םופרsays this is why we cover mirrors so women should not be able to make themselves attractive
- תוספוס and רישונים add no Hijab because it will cause people to laugh
-Why don’t we learn during Mourning?
- רש"י says It makes you happy, רמבןasks you have a Mitzvah to learn everyday? He answers you have קרית שמע for that .
-Can a Mourner Learn what you are allowed to learn on Tishabav? Most say yes.
-The חידה says you can learn but not to delve to deep
-Aruch Hashulchan disagrees says delve deep
-To learn Mussar yes, Tehillim no.
- חכם צבי someone always learnt משנית by heart can he continue if he is afraid he will forget? Yes
- Aruch Hashulchan Quotes a ירושלמי if someone is literally like a חולה without torah than he is allowed The Rugashover Gaon applied to himself the חתם םופר wrote תשובות about mourning while sitting for his mother.
-What if someone made a Neder to learn? If it was non specific learn things you are allowed to learn on Tishabav .If he was specific and it is a part of learning you don’t know and thereby you will have some צער he might be able too.
-Why was עשו waiting for יצחק to die to kill יעקב? קלי יקרsays he knew יעקב learns and he will be protected once my father dies he will be in mourning and no more protection than I will kill him.
-בית ישראל asks if so then why cant יעקב just learn Tishabav Material and be protected because the torah that protects you is the torah learnt בשמחה.(therefore it is said to start a shiur with מילתא דבידיחותא
-A Rav can Answer Halachic queries during Mourning
-The כל בו על אבילות (Columbus, Ohio) If someone gives a shiur every Shabbos he may continue to do so even while mourning cause your only Heter on Shabbos is בצינה therefore if you do not give there will be Mourning in public so you can give the Shiur
-Why can't I wear תפילין? Because they are a crown and no crown in mourning they also represent Joy another reason you do not wear them.
-Today only first 2 days
- רבינו תם תפילין During mourning do we wear them?
-the באר היטיב quotes the Arizal and says no, some say yes.
-Working during Mourning
Only if he is a Poor person, What if he stops working will make him a poor person who will need to come onto charity? He is still not allowed to work during Shiva.
-Rav Eliyashiv discusses what one mourner does when he visits a second mourner?
-Does he say המקום? Rav Eliyashiv say it is unclear so therefore at night when they part to go to there homes say it then.
-He says there are 2 parts of visiting a person sitting Shiva One solidarity with him and saying , המקוםtherfore it is better to come in person that on phone which only has one part.
-More to come its Erev Shabbos Hagodol I could not finnish the daf

Anonymous said...

Are you gonna post my blurbs?

Avromi said...

Great stuff - I made an early shabbos and I wait 72 minutes

Anonymous said...

Haggos Yosef (continued)
-Greeting during Mourning
- The רש"שasked of course if he greets he must respond what is the
גמרה being מחדש and what does כדרכו mean? Normally it says in the שולחן ארוך if someone greets you respond and add to be nice, after Shiva he has to respond כדרכו meaning warmer response than what was said to him.
-Akiva sons Levayah
-Some say one was married others say both where not.
-What does תורת א-ל-קיו בליבו mean?
- שם משמול says Reb Akiva is saying to them each persons goal is to be מקדש שם שמים since they came together and made a huge Levayah his sons caused a Kiddush Hashem so their lives where with a purpose.
- The posuk Ends "lo Simat Ashurav" which means "His work will not fall" Because normally when a father losses a child he thinks he did wrong and therefore they died but since you came en mass you show me my learning is proper and they died for a different reason.
- תוספוסasks how can you Marry before the end of שלושים ?
-He answers this is a case where there are very small children and they need someone to take care of the, or he has not yet fulfilled the mitzvah of "Piru Urivu"
- חתם םופרasks What if there is ליקוט אצמות and he is married is there Aveilus? No
-סידרי אש can you learn משנית or say Kaddish for first wife when you have a second wife?
-He says yes cause she is not in Shul anyway, ציץ אלעזר disagrees and says hire someone else to say Kaddish and משנית